Plank 

What is the Plank

The plank is an isometric core exercise that involves you maintaining your body in a straight line. This exercise recruits many muscle groups at the same time, and it is effective for strengthening your core, whilst simultaneously working your shoulders, arms, and glutes. This exercise is used in this name because, when done correctly your body straightens and remains rigid, much like a plank of wood.

According to research, a strong core is important for resisting spinal perturbations and transferring power across the extremities during physical activity.  Moreover, a stronger core can considerably decrease the occurrence of lower-back injuries, along with developing athletic performance and trunk stability.

Plank Muscles Worked

When holding a plank you are balancing your body on your forearms, and toes, the majority of the work in a plank is done by your core. The primary muscles worked are the abdominals, and obliques. The secondary muscles worked are the anterior deltoids, serratus anterior, trapezius, rhomboids, and glutes. 

What Level is the Plank

The Plank is a beginner’s level exercise and is a great accessory to your training routine as they don’t require any equipment and are quick to carry out. Getting into the plank position is relatively easy, and there are many challenging variations for those who find this exercise easy!

High Plank 

1. Begin in a push-up/plank position with your arms shoulder-width apart, and shoulders stacked directly on top of your wrists. Your toes touch the floor. 
2. Engaged your glutes and your core so that your body is rigid, and is in a straight line from your head to your heels. Your back should remain straight and not be arched, and your hips should not sag. Main a steady breathing tempo.
3. Hold this position between 10-120 seconds for 5 sets.

What are the Benefits of The Plank

Improve Your Posture

A bad posture is when we have slumped and rounded shoulders. This occurs because of poor alignment and sitting for a long period of time! Planks will work your core and your whole body, it strengthens your spine, rhomboids, trapezius, and your abdominal muscles, which keeps your posture strong. A good posture will prevent your body from developing injuries and will improve your confidence and serenity. 

According to Cleaveland Clinic, planking can help keep your lower back in a position where you're standing or sitting up straighter. This will help you to look taller, increase your energy, and give you greater confidence.

Develop Balance and Stability

Your body utilizes its core muscles to assist in sustaining balance. The majority of the stabilization comes from your core. Having a strong core could help you avoid injuries to muscle groups that are over-exerted during swift movements. For example, our core muscles are responsible for helping us balance whilst dribbling the ball past opponents in basketball. A strong core will reduce the risk of us falling in sudden movements. 

Improve Core Definition

Planks are great for targeting your midsection as they engage all the core muscle groups, such as the transverse abdominis, rectus abdominis, and obliques. If it is superset with other core exercises, supplemented with a controlled diet, and regular cardio exercise, you will see your abs chiseled and sculpted. According to PubMed, the front plank with a brace can be considered the most effective exercise in activating the external obliques.

Side Plank

The side plank primarily works on your core, especially the obliques. You will rest your body weight on one side with your feet stacked on top of each other, whilst maintaining a rigid body. There are three variations within the side plank. To perform this, you will:

1. Lie on your right side with your right elbow under your right shoulder, and your forearm pointing ahead in front of you. Your hand is balled into a fist. Your legs are straight and your feet are stacked on top of each other. Rest your left hand on your waist. 
2. Engaged your core, glutes, and quads to ensure that your body is rigid and in a straight line from head to feet. Your neck is in a neutral position, Maintain a steading breathing tempo. 
3. Hold this position between 10-120 seconds for 5 sets. Work on both sides in a single set. 
4. You can progress to an elevated side plank once this variation becomes easy.

Reverse Plank 

Reverse planks target your abdominal muscles, such as the rectus abdominis, also known as the “6 pack muscle”. It also works the glutes.  This is a beginners level exercise that would be a great addition to your core routine. It is highly recommended that you include this in your circuit. To perform this, you will:

1. Begin by sitting on the floor with your legs extended in front of you. Place your palms on the floor with fingers facing towards your feet slightly behind the outside of your hips, shoulder-width apart. 
2. Press your palms to the floor and lift your hips and torso upward. Your arms should be straight. Engage your core and glutes to ensure that your body is in a straight line. Look up towards the ceiling.
3. Hold this position between 10-120 seconds for 5 sets.

Advanced Plank Exercises

Weighted Plank 

This is an advanced-level plank exercise that is performed once you are comfortable with bodyweight planks, or generally when you reach a plateau and are in demand for greater difficulty. This will increase the load on your core, forcing you to contract it to prevent your body from toppling over. To perform this you will:

1. Begin on all fours, followed by loading a weight plate onto your upper back safely. Alternatively, you can also wear a backpack loaded with heavy objects.  Start with a lighter weight to get used to the load. 
2. Get into an elbow plank position with your shoulders stacked directly on top of your elbows, your feet are extended.
3. Engaged your core and glutes to ensure your body is rigid and in a straight line. Make sure that your back is flat and your hips do not sag. 
4. Hold this position between 10-90 seconds for 5 sets. Gradually increase the weight to increase the difficulty.

Extended Plank

The extended plank is one of the most challenging plank variations out there. It requires you to extend your arms out in front of your shoulders, and the further the distance, the more difficult it will be. This exercise is a progression toward the superman push-up. To perform this, you will:

1. Start in a high plank position where your shoulders are stacked directly on top of your wrists, and your arms are shoulder-width apart. Engage your core.
2. Walk your hands 2-4 steps forward to be in an extended plank position, whilst your body remains straight and rigid. The rule is that the further your arms are away from your torso, the more demands will be placed on your core and shoulders.
3. Hold this position between 10-90 seconds for 5 sets. Over time, you should gradually walk your hands further forward to increase the intensity.

Wide Leg Plank

The wide-leg plank is an easy variation that can help you tone your core while developing your stability and balance. The wide leg stance reduces the difficulty of the exercises while still engaging the lower body muscles

1. Start in a plank position where your shoulders are stacked directly on top of your wrists, and your arms are shoulder-width apart. Your feet are spread apart. 
2. Engage your core, glutes, hamstrings, and hip flexors to ensure that your body is in a straight line.
3. Hold this position between 10-90 seconds for 5 sets. Over time, you should gradually walk your hands further forward to increase the intensity.

The Takeaways: Calisthenics Plank

Now that you know how to do the plank, brace yourself for some killer abs! A stronger core will improve your athletic strength and functional strength in everyday activities. The plank is a simple exercise that can be learned by anyone and it should be an integral part of your workout routine. Want more core exercise ideas in your workouts? Check out these exercises:

• Russian Twists Tutorial
• Leg Raises Tutorial
• Flutter Kicks Tutorial

About the Author

My name is Pat Chadwick, I am a calisthenics coach with over 4 years of experience in helping people from all backgrounds to achieve their calisthenics goals. My goal is to become the number one calisthenics coach in the world as it is my passion to help people change their lives through inspiring bodyweight movements. I believe everyone deserves the right to feel good about their health, body, and be delighted inside and out.